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| 推进农民工县域就业：演变历程、价值内涵与现实困境 |
| Promoting County Employment of Migrant Workers: Evolutionary process, value connotations, and practical dilemmas |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-25 修订日期：2025-09-20 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 农民工 城镇化 县域就业 |
| 英文关键词: Migrant workers Urbanization County-level employment |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目“大豆玉米‘双短缺’背景下大豆扩种政策效果与风险防范研究”（编号:72373142） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 改革开放至今，我国农民工流动及相关政策演变已走过四十余年。经历了20世纪八九十年代的“离土不离乡”和21世纪初的大规模外出务工后，党的十八大以来，农民工就业又出现了向县域转移的趋势。本文通过梳理我国农村劳动力流动政策与就业地点的演变发现，推动农民工在县域范围内就业，并非新时代为促进城乡融合发展才提出的新目标，而是在我国长期历史进程中早已有迹可循的发展模式。县域作为连接城乡的重要纽带，促进农民工县域就业不仅具有显著的经济、社会与文化价值，也为广大发展中国家的城镇化建设提供了独特的中国经验。然而，当前我国县域产业发展仍显滞后，基础设施与公共服务水平有待提升，城乡要素流动不畅，小农户与现代农业衔接不足，都在一定程度上制约了县域对农民工的吸纳与整合。本文认为，未来应通过积极推动县域产业发展、完善基础设施与公共服务、加大金融与人才支持，以及强化小农户与现代农业有机衔接等多重举措，进一步释放农民工县域就业的潜力。同时，还需切实保障进城农民工的合法权益，防止其因收入不稳定或权益受损而返回农村。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Since the launch of reform and opening up, China’s migrant worker mobility and related policy evolution have spanned four decades. Following the trend of leaving farmland but not one's hometown in the 1980s and 1990s, as well as large-scale migration for work in the early 21st century, migrant workers’ employment has shown a new trend of shifting toward county-level areas since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. This research examines the evolution of China’s rural labor mobility policies and employment locations. It reveals that promoting employment for migrant workers within county boundaries is not a new objective introduced in the contemporary era to advance integrated urban-rural development. Rather, it represents a developmental pattern with long-standing historical precedents in China’s evolution. As a vital link connecting urban and rural areas, promoting employment for migrant workers within county-level regions holds significant economic, social, and cultural value. It also offers a unique Chinese experience for urbanization efforts in developing countries. However, the development of county-level industries in China lags behind, and infrastructure and public services require improvement. The flow of resources between urban and rural areas is inefficient, and small-scale farmers are insufficiently integrated into modern agriculture. These factors collectively constrain counties’ capacity to absorb and integrate migrant workers. This research argues that future efforts should focus on enabling migrant workers to find employment in county areas through various strategies. These measures include promoting local industrial development, improving infrastructure and public services, providing financial and talent support, and strengthening the integration of smallholder farmers into modern agriculture. At the same time, it is crucial to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers in cities to prevent them from returning to rural areas due to unstable income or rights violations. |
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