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| 从庇护主义到半制度化政商关系——中国式政商关系演进的个案研究 |
| From Clientelism to Semi-Institutionalized Government-Business Relations: A Case Study of the Evolution of Chinese-Style Political-Economic Interactions |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-28 修订日期：2025-07-08 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 政商关系 庇护主义 制度化 乡镇企业 |
| 英文关键词: Government-business relations Clientelism Institutionalization Township enterprises |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本文梳理了20世纪90年代以来清发企业与基层政府在不同发展阶段呈现的政商关系形态，揭示了从庇护主义到半制度化政商关系演进过程和形成机制。研究发现政商关系经历了企业对政府高度人情依附的政府主导性庇护关系、政企双向中度依附的市场化庇护关系到政企双向低度依附的市场化半制度性关系的演变过程。半制度化政商关系的形成机制是市场化转型降低了企业对政府依附的人情化程度，地方官员的政治锦标赛体制的成熟促进了地方政商关系转向双向互赖式合作关系，企业发展周期和在地方经济中的地位改变了双方的依附方向、依附程度与制度化程度。本文指出，中国政商关系的演变是在制度化关系与人情化关系两者之间的此消彼长过程，受市场化转型、政府政绩压力和企业发展周期与经济地位多方面因素的影响，最终形成了半制度化政商互动模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This paper examines the forms of government-business relations between state-owned enterprises and local governments in different developmental stages since the 1990s, revealing the evolution from clientelism to semi-institutionalized government-business relations and the underlying mechanisms. The study finds that government-business relations have evolved through three stages: (1) state-dominated clientelism with strong personal ties, (2) market-oriented clientelism with moderate mutual attachment, and (3) market-driven semi-institutionalization with low mutual attachment. The formation mechanism of semi-institutionalized government-business relations is as follows: market-oriented transformation has reduced the degree of personal-connection-based dependence of enterprises on the government; the maturity of the political tournament system among local officials has promoted the transformation of local government-business relations into a two-way interdependent cooperative relationship; and the enterprise development cycle and its position in the local economy have changed the direction, degree of dependence and institutionalization level between the two parties. This paper points out that the evolution of China's government-business relations is a process of ebb and flow between institutionalized relations and personal-connection-based relations. Influenced by multiple factors such as market-oriented transformation, government performance pressure, and the enterprise development cycle and economic status, it has eventually formed a semi-institutionalized government-business interaction model. |
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