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| 离土不离乡：县域数字乡村发展与在地新业态灵活就业——基于就业选择和就业质量的分析 |
| The Development of Digital Countryside and The Participation Of Labor Force In Local New Forms Of Flexible Employment |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-19 修订日期：2024-11-06 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: “数字乡村”指数 新业态灵活就业 农村劳动力 县域在地就业 |
| 英文关键词: Digital countryside index New forms of flexible employment Rural labor force Local employment |
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| 中文摘要: |
| “数字乡村”既是乡村振兴的战略方向，也是建设数字中国的重要内容。基于县域数字乡村指数与中国家庭金融调查2019年和2021年匹配的面板数据，本文实证检验了数字乡村发展对户籍地农村劳动力新业态灵活就业的带动作用。研究发现：数字乡村指数增加1个标准差将显著促进农村劳动力参与本县内新业态灵活就业概率上升2.54%-2.82%，县域数字乡村建设有助于农村劳动力实现在地充分就业。此外，这种影响具有普惠性，对女性劳动力、低人力资本、低物质资本和低社会资本劳动力群体影响更为显著。机制分析表明，数字化信息化下的收入状况改善和风险态度转变构成了本地劳动力就业转换的内在动力。在就业质量上，更高的数字化水平提升了新业态灵活就业者的工资率，但也显著增加了工作时长，且并未显著改善灵活就业群体的社会保障水平。因此，加快完善灵活就业者的社会保障制度体系，促进农村劳动力高质量灵活就业至关重要。本研究为“十四五”期间加快推进数字乡村建设和促进农村劳动力的充分高质量就业提供了经验证据和政策优化方向建议。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Under the implementation of “Digital Villages Strategy” in China, the rapid development of the digital economy at the county level, including digital platform business, rural E-commerce and more, has led to a significant increase in rural labor participating in new forms of flexible employment. Matching the county-level panel data of digital villages index and individual-level data of China Household Finance Survey（CHFS） in 2019 and 2021, this paper finds that an increase of one standard deviation in digital villages index significantly increases the possibility of participation in new forms of flexible employment by 6.24%. In addition, the impact is more significant effect on female, individuals with lower human capital, material capital and social capital, which means the digital villages development is inclusive. Mechanism analysis reveals that the promotion effect on new forms of flexible employment primarily comes from the increased employment rate in rural areas due to new job opportunities provided by the digital villages development. In addition, the improved income conditions and changes in risk attitudes under digitalization and informatization are the intrinsic driving forces. Lastly, the higher level of digitalization increases the wage rate, but doesn’t improve the job security. Therefore, it is crucial to implement a range of labor system and social security policy reforms to promote high-quality flexible employment for rural workers. This study provides empirical evidence and suggestions for policy optimization to accelerate the construction of digital countryside and promote the full and high-quality employment of rural workers during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. |
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