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| 从“破碎化”到草场资源重新整合使用——理论构建与政策启示 |
| From "Fragmentation" to Grassland Reintegration Use: Theoretical Construction and Policy Implications |
| 投稿时间：2022-07-26 修订日期：2023-02-19 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 草场破碎化 草场整合使用 草场放牧权 草场合作经营 |
| 英文关键词: Grassland fragmentation Grassland reintegration use Grazing Rights Cooperative operation of grassland |
| 基金项目:中国博士后科学基金,国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 随着中国草场破碎化问题的加剧，无论是学界还是政府部门都已经意识到实现草场重新整合使用的重要性和必要性。本文基于公共池塘资源理论和产权理论分析现行产权制度下造成草场破碎化的制度根源，构建了一个能够实现草场整合使用的理论分析框架，并对当前中国牧区存在的三种草场整合使用实践进行理论化阐释。研究表明：（1）当前草场资源破碎化的根本原因是以草场资源系统（物理）边界明晰了家户草场使用权，而非简单的草场使用权私有化所致；（2）虽然草场流转与股份合作社都能实现草场经营权的集中整合，但只有股份合作社可以实现草场资源的连片使用；（3）联户经营可以将草场承包经营权转变为放牧权，同样能够维持草场资源系统的相对完整和实现草场连片共用。因此，要实现草场重新整合就需要将以往分散、零碎的草场经营权集中统一使用或将其转变为放牧权，但相比股份合作社，联户经营是一种相对稳妥的合作化经营模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| With the intensification of grassland fragmentation in China, both academia and government have realized the importance and necessity of realizing the grassland reintegration. Combining the of property rights theory and the common pool resources (CPR) theory, this study traced the root cause of the grassland fragmentation under the current property rights system in China, established a theoretical analysis framework to realize the grassland reintegration, as well as theoretically explain three kinds of grassland use practices. This study established a theoretical analysis framework to realize the grassland reintegration. The results show that: 1) the fundamental reason for the grassland fragmentation in China is that the physical boundaries of the grassland resource system are clearly defined, rather than the privatization of grassland use rights; 2) although both the grassland rental market and the livestock stock cooperative can realize the concentration of the grassland operation rights, the livestock stock cooperative can solve the grassland fragmentation; 3) the grassland joint-household management can transform the grassland operation rights into grazing rights, and realize the integrity of grassland resource system and the grassland reintegration use. In conclusion, compared with livestock stock cooperatives, joint-household management is a relatively stable cooperative operation. |
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