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| 新中国成立 70 年来人口流动政策回顾 |
| A Review on Trajectory of Migration Policies in China: from 1949 to 2019 |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 新中国成立 70 周年 人口迁移 人口流动 政策变迁 |
| 英文关键词: Seventy years Migration Population flow Policy change |
| 基金项目:国家社科基金项目“土地流转后农户的可持续生计研究"(15BSH030)。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 新中国成立70年来,人口迁移和流动的政策历经多次演变,与其相对应的是中国人口迁移和流动的性质、速度、方向、规模也呈现出阶段性动态的变化。20世纪80年代以前,我国的人口迁移主要体现在区域间的人口迁移和城市向农村的迁移,但此后转变为以个体或家庭为单位,从农村向城市流动为主。人口迁移和流动的政策则经历了较为复杂的演变过程,从严格限制流动到逐渐放开流动;从对进城人口进行管制到进行引导,最终转变为兼顾推动进城农民工市民化和返乡农民工创业就业。这些政策变迁的内涵体现了不同时期国家经济和社会发展的不同需求,也体现了中国社会流动体系不断开放和完善的进程。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China seventy years ago, policies on population migration and mobility have undergone many changes in different periods. Correspondingly, China’s population migration and mobility also presents periodic dynamic changes in terms of nature, speed, direction and scale. Before the 1980s, China’s population migration was mainly in the inter-regional and urban-to-rural migration. But since then, population mobility has characterized with individual or family based migration from rural to urban. In a word, the policies of population migration and mobility have experienced a relatively complex evolution, from strict restrictions on migration to gradual liberalization of mobility, and from control on mobility to guidance for the migration of people from rural to urban areas, and finally to promote the urbanization of migrant workers in cities and encourage returned migrants to start their businesses and being employed locally. The connotation of these policies reflects the different needs of national economic and social development in different periods and also shows the social mobility system in China has been more and more open and improved. |
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