文章摘要

一个“成功"游牧民定居工程背后的资源困境

The Resource Dilemma behind a Successful Nomadic Settlement

DOI：

英文关键词: Nomadic settlement External resources Ecological damage

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“草畜平衡的弹性管理:系统外因素的影响机制” (项目编号:41171428)

作者	单位
范明明	中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究

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中文摘要:

游牧民定居工程被视为改变牧区靠天养牧、加速牧区现代化和城镇化的重要举措而广泛实施。游牧民定居工程迅速且深刻地改变着草原牧区的自然、社会及经济形态,同时也改变了人与自然资源之间的互动关系及作用时空尺度。在“成功冶的定居点,牧民生活水平大幅提高,且对天然草场的利用减少;但是,对比相邻的村庄发现,其“成功冶的关键在于有足够的外部资源输入,包括草场、农田和地下水等。而从区域的生态环境来看,这种“成功冶模式并不符合当地干旱地区的生态特征,有可能造成更大范围内的生态破坏。因此,游牧民定居工程应该从区域生态特征出发,对类似“成功冶模板的推广更加谨慎。

英文摘要:

In China, the nomadic settlement project is widely seen as an important measure to change pastoralism, speed up the modernization and urbanization of pasturing areas. The settlement project quickly and profoundly changed the natural, social and economic forms of pastoral areas. Meanwhile, it changed the interaction between human and natural resources, as well as when and where the interaction happens. In the “ successful” settlement, the living standard of the herdsmen was greatly improved and the use of natural grassland was reduced; however, compared with neighboring villages, the key to the village’s “ success’ was sufficient external resources, including pasture, farmland and underground water from wider region. This kind of “success” mode is not suitable for ecological characteristics of local arid areas, and may cause greater ecological damage. This paper suggests that the settlement of herdsmen should be more cautious from the perspective of regional ecological characteristics.

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