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| 乡土社会秩序的巨变 ——文化转型背景下乡村社会生活秩序的再调适 |
| A Great Change in Earthbound Society ——The Re-adjustment of social order in rural China Under the Background of Cultural |
| 投稿时间：2017-03-28 修订日期：2017-03-28 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 社会秩序 文化转型 礼治秩序 法治秩序 文化调适 |
| 英文关键词: social order cultural transformation rite order legal order cultural adjustment |
| 基金项目:本文写作得到国家社会科学基金重点项目“文化转型背景下乡土社会秩序的变迁与重建研究”（15ASH012）的支持。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 文化转型背景下，中国乡土社会的秩序正在发生变迁，并遵循着从“差序格局”、到“文野之别”、再到国家权力下行的路径。在宏观层面上，中国乡土社会秩序在政治制度和权威关系、个体意识等方面均发生改变。民国以后，在国家权力不断渗透到基层乡村的一系列制度（保甲制度、人民公社制度、村民自治制度）中，呈现出村庄内生秩序和国家建构秩序的共存和调适的情形。本文从社会秩序的概念入手，围绕三个问题进行阐述：社会秩序在历史中的嬗变；社会转型期两种社会秩序（礼治秩序和法治秩序）过渡与并置的局面；以及试图描述文化转型进程中乡土新秩序的变迁和文化调适的图景。最后提出人类学家应对乡村社会秩序变迁应该具有的态度，即理解乡村社会秩序的变迁需要重视文化的“粘合剂”作用以及我国传统礼俗社会的人情因素。理解乡村社会问题应具有更加包容的心态。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The social order in earthbound China is changing under the background of cultural transformation. This change follow the transition route which has been shifted from the hierarchical social order, that is from the differentiated social order between civilization and barbarism to the national power down to the rural local society. On a macro level, the social order in earthbound China is changing in some respects including political system, authority relationship, individual consciousness, and so on. After entering Republic of China, a series of system (the baojia system, the people’s commune system, and the villager autonomy system）has presented the coexistence and adjustment of the village order and state constructing order in which the state power had penetrated into the rural area. This paper begin with the concept of the social order elaborated around three problems: the first is the evolution of social order in history; the second, there are two kinds of social order (rite order and legal order) transition and juxtaposition in the period of social transformation; the third is an attempt to describe the changes of the new rural order and the cultural adaptation in the process of cultural transformation; Finally, anthropologists should put forward the appropriate attitudes coping with the changes of rural social order, that is meant, we should emphasize the role of cultural cohesion agent and of human factors in the Chinese traditional rite society (gemeinschaft) as you want to understand the changes of rural order in current China. We should have the more inclusive mentality about the emerging rural social issues. |
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