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| 基于精准扶贫视角的小额信贷创新模式比较研究 |
| Comparative Research on Microfinance Innovation Model based on Precision Poverty alleviation perspective |
| 投稿时间：2016-10-11 修订日期：2016-10-11 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 精准扶贫 贫富捆绑 银保互动 小额信贷 |
| 英文关键词: Precision poverty alleviation co-guarantee team composed of rich and poor mode interlinked credit and insurance mode micro-finance |
| 基金项目:本文是国家社科基金“基于精准扶贫视角下的目标群小额信贷研究” （项目编号：16BJY185）和中国国际扶贫中心“基于目标群体视角的扶贫开发机制创新效果评估项目”（项目编号：CHN-90008-01-1515A-S）的阶段性研究成果 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在精准扶贫理论框架下，内蒙古科右中旗和贵州省雷山县将精准识别机制与信贷风险管理机制相结合，分别推出“贫富捆绑”和“银保互动”小额信贷模式。前者主要利用农村地区相对封闭的社区网络、成员信任及习俗性规范构成的社会资本替代抵押担保，通过同伴压力监督实施合约；后者主要利用保险缓解因气候等自然因素引致的信用风险。在实践中，两种模式较好地解决了贫困户贷款中的目标瞄准和风险管理问题。但调查发现，扶贫攻坚阶段的贫困户存在有效金融需求不足、金融扶贫政策性目标与商业银行目标冲突问题，课题组建议各地应根据贫困程度和贫困原因采取不同的资金支持策略；信贷支持的对象应该针对有增收能力的建档立卡贫困户，对生产性贷款有效需求低的地区，也可以考虑发放一部分扶贫贴息贷款给建档立卡以外的有贷款偿还能力的低收入农户。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In the framework of precision poverty alleviation, Horqin Right Middle Banner of Inner Mongolia and Leishan County of Guizhou Province launched “Co-guarantee Team Composed of Rich and Poor mode” and “ Interlinked Credit and Insurance mode”respectively,which combineedbothprecise identification mechanism and credit risk management mechanism. The former one constitutes social capital which includes relatively closed community networks in rural areas,members trust and customary norms for collateral and guarantee,and the implement of contract is monitored by peer pressure; whilethe latter mainly uses insurance to alleviate credit risk caused by natural factors,such as climate.In practice, these two modes solve targeting and risk management issues efficiently. However, after the development-oriented poverty alleviation entered a crucial stage, poor households'' effective demands may be insufficient, and policy objectives of financial poverty alleviation may conflict with goals of commercial banks.Authors recommended that different counties should adopt different funding policies based on local poverty levels and poor reasons; The objects to obtain loans should be poor households who are maintain on the poor record and have the ability to increase revenue;As for those area where effective demand on productive loans arerelatively low, poor households without any poor records and have the ability to repay the loans should also have access to part of poverty alleviation loans. |
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