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| 个案研究类推的方法与逻辑反思 |
| Research on Generalization of Case study and Reflect in Logic |
| 投稿时间：2015-05-03 修订日期：2015-10-28 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 个案研究 类推方法 非形式逻辑 批判性思维 |
| 英文关键词: Case Study generalization of Method Informal Logic Critical Thinking |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金（14YJA810008） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2039 |
| 全文下载次数: 1081 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 个案研究,亦称之为案例研究,是社会科学中最为常见的研究方法之一。但是两个方面的原因使得个案研究的方法与价值备受质疑：当前社会的复杂程度使得其异质性大大提高,基于个案的研究是否能够类推受到怀疑；而建立在统计学基础上的定量研究因其从样本到总体的科学推论更是将这种质疑放大,挑战个案研究的信心。目前,几乎所有的关于个案研究的文献都集中探讨个案研究的代表性与类推问题,并且这一问题成为决定个案研究价值的核心因素。不同的研究者基于不同的方法和策略,对个案研究的类推做出了卓有成效的研究。但是,细究学界有关个案研究类推的方法,我们发现这些方法的质疑与辩护还是建立在传统形式逻辑认知的基础上。而发轫于上世纪五十年代的非形式逻辑可以很好的回答个案研究类推问题,其所提倡的批判性思维使得我们在面对个案研究时,持一种更为开放的心态,使得个案研究的价值更为凸显。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| case study is one of the most common methods of study in the social sciences. But the method and value of case study are strongly challenged with two reasons: complexity of current society greatly increases its heterogeneity, so it is suspected whether case based study is able to be generalized; also due to the scientific inferences from sample to collectivity of the statistics based quantitative research, the challenge is amplified, which impacts the confidence of case study. At present, almost all of the case study literature focuses on the discussion of representativeness and generalization of case study, and this problem has become the core factor to the value of case study. Different researchers have made fruitful research on case study based on different methods and strategies. However, with closer inspection into the methods of case study generalization in the academic world, we found the challenges and defenses of these methods are still based on traditional formal logic recognition. Instead, the informal logic originated in the fifties of last century can well answer the questions of case study generalization and its advocated critical thinking makes us have more open mind when facing case study, which makes the value of case study become more prominent. |
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