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| 谁是中小牧户？中小牧户的界定和产生 |
| Who are small and medium-sized holders? Definition and origin of small and medium-sized holders in the rangeland |
| 投稿时间：2015-01-09 修订日期：2015-05-12 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 中小牧户 适度规模经营 基尼系数 异质性 |
| 英文关键词: small and medium-sized holders moderate scale management Gini coefficient heterogeneity |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金项目（一般项目） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 关注中小牧户,帮助中小牧户,是协调草原生态目标和牧民生计目标的关键。本文基于内蒙古自治区西部的阿拉善左旗、中部的四子王旗和东部的陈巴尔虎旗三个旗县的实地调研,对中小牧户的概念进行了界定,对中小牧户产生的原因进行了分析。中小牧户是指草场经营面积未能实现适度规模经营的牧户。中小牧户产生的原因有：(1)特定时期的人口增长；(2)草地退化；(3)嘎查的草地资源禀赋(草地类型、人均草场面积)；(4)草场的初始分配政策；(5)牧户家庭人口变动。为促进草原可持续发展,在后续完善草原保护和牧民收入相关政策措施中需要充分考虑中小牧户产生的背后原因。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To focus on and help small and medium-sized holders is the key to reconcile grassland ecological goals and herdsman livelihoods goals. Based on the field research in three banners of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which respectively are west-located Alxa Left Banner, mid-located Siziwang Banner and east-located Old Barag Banner, this paper defines the concept of small and medium-sized holders and systematically explores from what the small and medium-sized holders are resulted. Small and medium-sized holders in the rangeland refer to the herdsmen whose pasture area fails to achieve moderate scale management. Many reasons, which include population growth during specific period, pasture degradation, village grassland resources endowment (type of grassland, grassland area per capita), initial pasture distribution policy and family population changes of herdsmen, make small and medium-sized holders generated. To promote the sustainable development of grassland, to achieve coordination of grassland ecological goals and herdsman livelihoods goals, it needs to take reasons of generation of small and medium-sized holders into consideration in the subsequent relevant policies and measures. |
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