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| 环境保护语境下的草原生态治理——一项人类学的反思 |
| Grassland Ecological Programs in the Context of Environmentalism——An Anthropological Reflection |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 环境保护主义 人类学 禁牧舍饲 抵抗 脱嵌 |
| 英文关键词: Environmentalism Anthropology Enclosure feeding Resistance Disembedded |
| 基金项目:2012年度国家社科基金青年项目“人民公社时期内蒙古牧区的生态与社会变迁” （12CSH071）阶段性成果 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 文章在关于环境保护主义的人类学讨论基础上，提出环境保护主义作为一种话语或表征，不仅反映人们对客观环境状况的关注，也赋予了21世纪以来中央政府自上而下的草原生态治理政策以极大的合法性，从而推动了基层牧民的牧业生产从“定居放牧”到“舍饲圈养”的剧烈转变。然而在内蒙古中西部S苏木B嘎查的民族志，研究表明，政府主导的禁牧舍饲的生态治理政策并不符合基层牧民生产生活的实际和对环境的理解，因此也受到了他们的普遍抱怨和抵抗。这种上下的矛盾反映了后工业社会和环境保护语境下“自然脱嵌”的新形式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Drawing upon recent anthropological debates on environmentalism, this article argues that environmentalist discourse, not only reflects environmental concerns of the public, but serves to legitimize top-down government ecological programs regarding the management of grassland, which has resulted in promoting a shift from “settlement herding” to “enclosure feeding” in livestock production in Inner Mongolia. Based upon ethnographic research in the region, the author proposes that the government ecological programs have failed to address the actual situation of herders, who as a result have expressed their dissatisfaction and resistance. The discrepancy between the policy and ecological reality points to a new form of“ Disembedded Nature” in the context of environmentalism and post-industrial society. |
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