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| 人民公社时期农村的“特殊”工分——以河北省侯家营村为个案 |
| The Special Work-points of Rural Area during the People's Commune Period——The Case Based on Houjiaying Village in Hebei Province |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 人民公社 侯家营 “特殊”工分 分配 |
| 英文关键词: People’s commune Houjiaying Village Special Work-points Allocation |
| 基金项目:2010年度国家社会科学基金项目“现当代华北乡村文献史料的调查、整理与研究”（10BZS054）；2011年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目“现代中国的日常生活”（11JJD770026） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 人民公社时期农村存在着几种“特殊”工分，以投肥工、大队工和义务工为代表，对于集体分配有着重要的影响。河北省昌黎县侯家营村的丰富档案资料和田野调查资料相结合，能够揭示出这些“特殊”工分的实际面貌、运行过程及其与集体分配的关系，阐明工分制对于集体分配的具体影响方式。投肥工对于社员家庭的整体经济收益有着重要影响。大队工有着自身独特的计算方式，同时体现了集体分配制度的公平性问题，社员多数因大队工的不公平而心怀不满。人人均摊的义务工对于普通社员则是一种普遍的负担。对这些“特殊”工分的研究，又反映出社员在分配中的心态和观念，尤其是他们对于分配不公平和低水平的容忍。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| There were several kinds of “special” work-points in rural area during the People’s commune period, which were represented by manure work-point, production brigade work-point and compulsion work-point. These special work-points made an important impact on the collective allocation system at that time. Combined with the fieldwork data, the rich archives of Houjiaying Village in Changli County, Hebei Province revealed the actual situation, operating process and relationship with collective allocation of these special work-points, and expound how the work-point system affected the collective allocation. Manure work-points meant a lot to peasants’ economic benefits. The calculation of production brigade work-points was distinct, which explained the fairness of collective allocation. Most peasants were dissatisfied with the unfairness of production brigade work-points. Compulsion work-points were common burdens for peasants. The research of the special work-points reflected the peasants’ mentality and concept in the process of allocation, especially the toleration towards the low level and unfairness of collective allocation. |
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