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| 治理性干旱
———对江汉平原农田水利的审视与反思 |
| Governing on the Drought———Review and Reflection on Irrigation of Jianghan Plain |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 干旱 乡村治理 去农化 |
| 英文关键词: Drought Rural governance Deruralization |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 近年来，我国干旱灾害频发，不仅影响到农民增收、农业发展，还威胁到国家的粮食安全。许
多学者从地理、气候和工程建设等角度进行解释，具有一定的合理性。笔者通过在江汉平原的调查认
为，农业上的干旱还与村庄秩序的解体、国家力量的退出和市场机制的失灵有关。农户之间不合作，村
民小组、村委会和乡镇政府不协调，使得小水利与大水利无法衔接，不能抗大旱。泵站、水库在市场化改
革之后，一方面将精力从为农田服务转到了产业经营上，另一方面离开了与乡村社会的配合，灌溉系统
无法维持，即便有水也无法抗旱。这些与农田水利相关的治理主体呈现去农化的态势，即它们的经济来
源不再来自于农业、农村，工作的重心也偏离了农业、农村或者不能对涉农事务进行有效、及时的处理，
隐藏着深刻的治理危机。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In recent years，drought had occurred continually in our country． The drought has not only affected the farmers'
income and agricultural development，but also has been a threat to the country's food security． A number of scholars are
looking for the explanation of the disasters from the perspective of geography，climate or engineering construction，which
seems rational to some extent． According to the investigation in the Jianghan Plain，the author considers that the drought is
related with the village anomie，the falling back of state power and the failure of the market mechanism． The non-cooperation
of farmers，as well as the uncoordinated situation among villager group，village and township government，leads to failure
of the small water conservancy connection，and thus the big drought cannot be resisted． After the marketization reform，
great changes have taken place，on one hand，the reservoirs and pump stations have shifting the main task from farmland
service to self management，and on the other hand，since the irrigation systems cannot be maintained without the local society，
water is not always enough for drought resistance． These related behavior subjects present a non-agricultural posture，
which means，their economic sources are no longer agricultural or farmland related，their focus shows a deviation from the
agriculture or rural area，and their efficiency on managing agricultural affairs has also reduced． In this case，a deep administrative
crisis may probably display． |
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