文章摘要

熟人社会的性质

The Nature of Acquaintance Society

DOI：

英文关键词: Acquaintance society The person o n one' s ow n side to approve The insider behavior mechanism Blood rela tio nship Geography rela tio nship

基金项目:

作者	单位
宋丽娜	华中科技大学中国乡村治理研究中心博士

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中文摘要:

从村庄经验层面来考察熟人社会的性质, 熟人社会的基础是“ 自己人认同” , 其现实表现是人情、面子、信任与规则。与费孝通先生关于“地缘” 的论述不同, 笔者认为地缘关系也可以通过“ 内部化机制” 形成“自己人认同” , 进而完善其熟人社会的性质。由此, 血缘关系和地缘关系可以形成不同的熟人社会组织形态, 但是两者发生作用的机制重点却不同。在河南董北村, 以血缘关系为基础的“ 自己人认同” 非常强烈, 所以影响农民生活的重要机制并非内部化机制, 而是“ 内部人行为机制” , 这是因为农民要面对家族大小和姓氏区分的问题, 在熟人社会圈和“ 自己人认同” 的框架中如何行为就是农民首先要面对的问题。而在贵州聚合村, 熟人社会形成的基础就是以地缘关系为基础的人情往来的进行, 这种低成本普遍性的人情往来强化了农民的“ 自己人认同” , 这是对于农民日常生活相当重要的“ 内部化机制” 。地缘关系不注重家族的大小和姓氏的区分, 重要的是如何把没有血缘关系的人转化为自己人, 当“内部化机制” 完善以后, 村庄社区就具有了熟人社会的性质。如此, 熟人社会的二维框架就可以作为分析众多村庄政治社会现象的基础。

英文摘要:

Inspects the nature of acquaintance so ciety from the village experience , the acquaintance society' s foundation is “ the person on one' s own side approv es” , its reality performance is the human sentiment , the face , the trust and the rule .The author thoug ht that the geog raphy relations may also form “ the person on o ne' s own side to approve” form “ the internalization mechanism” , w hich could consummate the nature of acquaintance society .It is different with Mr .Fei Xiaotong' s viewpoint about “geog raphy” .Then , the blood relationship and the geography relations may form the different acquaintance Social organiza tio n shape , with the different emphasis o n reaction mechanism .In Dongbei village at Henan province, “one of us appro ves” is intense , which take the bloo d relationship as the foundation .Therefore the importance is “the insider behavior mechanism” , but not internalization mechanism .This is because the farmer w ants to face the question of family size and surname discrimination, how to behavior is the first question in the frame of acquaintance society circle and “ the person on o ne' s ow n side approves” .But in Juhe village at Guizhou province , the foundation of acquaintance society is human sentiment, which streng thened “ the perso n on one' s own side to approve” with this kind of low cost and universal human sentiment , and w hich is regarding the farmer daily life quite important “ the internalization mechanism” .The geog raphy relations do not pay g reat attention to the family size and the surname discrimination , the importance is how to have the no blood relationship perso n to transform as the perso n on one' s ow n side.When “ inter nalization mechanism” is consummation , the village community had the acquaintance society' s nature .So , the acquaintance society' s two-dimensional frame may take as the foundation to analyse villages' o f political and social phenomenon .

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