文章摘要

中国城市化与社会结构变迁

The Urbanization and Social Structure Change in China

DOI：

英文关键词: Urbanization Social Structure Interests mechanism Systemic mechanism Legalization

基金项目:

作者	单位
王春光	中国社会科学院社会学研究所研究员

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中文摘要:

文章从社会学角度探讨了过去30 年以来中国的城市化及其引发的社会结构变迁。文章指出, 在过去30 年中国的城市化经历了飞速的发展, 进入了快速城市化阶段, 离基本城市化阶段越来越近, 但由于中国独特的城乡制度以及行政管理体制, 中国城市化呈现两种模式——— 主动城市化模式和被动城市化模式, 并呈现多种城市化主体, 而政府和企业则是中国城市化的主导性主体。这背后最主要的动力机制还是制度和利益, 彰显出中国社会结构变迁趋势:在利益机制驱使下, 中国社会渐渐地形成了城乡差别不断扩大、城市内部分化明显的利益分配格局;由于缺乏公开、公正、民主的配置机制, 各个城市化主体之间的博弈大多屈从于弱肉强食的“丛林法则” , 从而导致各种暴力冲突、相互仇视的问题, 这在一定程度上破坏了城市社会运行秩序特别是支撑这些秩序的信任机制, 显现出相当严重的合法性危机, 对未来中国的城市化提出了严峻的挑战。为此, 文章提出了中国未来城市化的几种可能的路径。

英文摘要:

What have happened to the urbanization in China during the past thir ty y ears ? This paper tries to answ er this question from the sociological approach .It point out that the urbanization has go tten a great leap in the past thirty y ears and entered into the rapid period.The pro cess of urbanization is more and more near to the final period.There have been two kinds of urbanizing patterns ——— automatic urbanizatio n and passive urbanization ——— and different subjects o f urbanization because of special rural-urban system and administrative regime .The governments and enterprises are the dominant subjects among them .The system and interests are the main mechanisms behind the Chinese urbanizatio n.All these determine the change trends of the social structure in China.There are big ger and big ger g abs in the income between the rural and urban people and among the internal urban people as results of such urbanization in China .I t w ill threat the social o rder and damag e the social legalization in the future of China .Finally , the paper puts forward some different possible road for urbanization in the future of China .

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