文章摘要

从村寨空间到村寨博物馆 ———贵州村寨博物馆的文化保护实践

From Inhabited Areas to Museums in Vil lages———Cultural Conservation Practice of Village Museums in Guizhou

DOI：

英文关键词: Inhabited areas Village museum Culture protectio n Research

基金项目:国家社会科学基金项目“西南地区民族民间文化传承与保护项目实施效果研究”(04BMZ013)

作者	单位
杨正文	西南民族大学民族研究院教授

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中文摘要:

贵州自20 世纪80 年代以来在文化遗产保护的实践方面进行了许多本土化的探索,“ 村寨/ 露天博物馆” 就是其中之一。这种以村落为单位的文化保护实践, 与后来从国外引进的“ 生态博物馆” 以及目前国家所倡导的“ 文化生态保护区” 有许多相似之处, 基本把握住了文化保护的主体性。对这一已有20 多年时间的文化保护实践项目的样本考察表明, 村寨博物馆其实也是一种新农村建设运动。当一个传统的村落空间被置于博物馆话语之下时, 村民便开始了一种“ 破冰式” 的文化传承与文化生产的现代性建构之旅。因此, 哪怕是一个目标旨在文化保护的项目, 也是一种不同于当地文化的异质文化传通, 是一种文化资本与社会力量的介入, 它终究成为村落社会文化变迁的动力, 甚至成为颠覆村落社会秩序的发动机。

英文摘要:

From 1980s, Guizhou province has already done a lot of localization exploration in the practical aspects of cultural heritage protection which `Village/Open-pit museum' was one of them .This cultural co nservation practice (taking the hamlet as one unit)is very similar to `Eco-Museum' introduced from abroad and `Cultural Ecological Protection Area' advoca ted by the go vernment for g rasping the subjectivity of culture protection.An investigation on this cultural conservation practical project sample in 20 y ears shows village museums belong s to new countryside co nstruction movement indeed .When a traditional inhabited area is located in the context of museum , villagers begin their journey with the main content of `ice-breaking' cultural inheritance and modernity co nstruction of cultural production .Hence , even thoug h it is a project w ith the purpose of culture protectio n, it is a kind of heterogeneous culture traditio n w hich is different with the local culture and an intervention of cultural capital and social forces.Moreover , it will become the power to the rural social and cultural changes and engine w hich may subvert the rural social order in the end .

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