文章摘要

礼物、贿赂与关系:布迪厄的社会资本再思考

Gifts , Bribes and Guanxi :A Reconsideration of Bourdieu' s Social Capital

DOI：

英文关键词: Gift exchange Capital conv ersion processes People' s Republic of China/ Ho ng Kong Guanxi Foreig n investment

基金项目:

作者	单位
司马雅伦	卡尔加里大学(University of Calg ary)人类学系教授

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中文摘要:

布迪厄探索包括各种资本间的转化在内的实践经济学的努力是极富洞见的, 但同时这种探索却建立在了一组界定相互矛盾的不同资本的基础上。在这里, 我将尝试鉴定符号资本、社会资本、文化资本和经济资本这四种资本的核心意义, 并通过思考礼物或贿赂等交换形式的社会建构来考察各种资本间相互转化的实践过程。文章的探讨建立在对中华人民共和国的实地研究和已发表的礼物交换相关著作的回顾的基础上。通过考察可以发现, 礼物和贿赂的界线并不在于交换是否有工具性动机, 而在于能否有效地赠送一个东西, 使它被认为是把发展和保持一种社会关系而不是获得短期利益放在首要位置。基于这种探讨的需要, 文章考察了香港企业家的投资策略背景下的关系这个中国概念。在对现存政治系统很大程度上不信任的情况下, 这些企业家们更多地选择了通过培养社会关系来建立信任。

英文摘要:

The effo rts of Pierre Bourdieu to ex plore the economy of practices involving the co nversions of one kind of capital, w hile insightful, is based on an inconsistent set o f definitions of the different kinds of capital.Here , an attempt is made to identify the core meanings of four kinds of capital:symbolic , social, cultural , &economic .The pro cesses of co nversion practices are examined throug h a consideration of the social construction of exchanges as either gifts or bribes.The arg ument, based on field research in the People' s Republic of China & a review of published work on gift exchang e , is made that the boundary between gift & bribe is not based o n the instrumental motiv ation of the ex change , but on failures to effectively present a prestation as being concerned foremost with the development &maintenance of a social relationship rather than with immediate instrumental gain.The Chinese concept of guanxi is examined in relationship to this argument w ithin the contex t o f the investment strategies of entrepreneurs from Hong Kong , w ho cultivate social rela tio nships in order to establish trust in a contex t where they maintain a large degree of distrust for the political sy stem prevailing .

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