文章摘要

发展人类学视角中的传统知识及其对发展实践的启示

Indigenous Knowledge and Its Appl ication in DevelopmentPractices-Development Anthropological Perspectives

DOI：

英文关键词: Traditional knowledg e Conno tation Protection Development Implication

基金项目:

作者	单位
刘金龙	中国林科院林业可持续发展研究中心副研究员

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中文摘要:

文章以发展人类学的视角, 从缓解贫困、倡导包容式公平发展、谋求发达国家和发展中国家和谐的发展实践需求出发, 分析了传统知识的内涵, 传统知识在现代科技发展过程中的作用, 被边缘化的过程, 以及人们重新认识到传统知识在维持自然生态系统平衡、地方可持续发展等方面的作用和地位。在我国传统知识处于被边缘化的境地, 其反映为用现代科技思维方式、标准来编撰传统知识, 用现代知识产权保护的制度框架来讨论传统知识保护的问题。从发展人类学视角看, 保护传统知识, 是为了人类的可持续发展, 是为了保卫人类现在和将来发展模式的一个选项, 是为了保卫人类的文明成果, 是为了保卫人类生活方式的多样性。然而处在纷繁复杂、充满矛盾、利益和权力纷争的现实世界中, 这样的理想陷入了迷茫, 不得不聚焦于公平发展和利益分配的讨论。文章认为, 必须建立适合传统知识的价值准则、评价标准和保护和开发理论和方法, 才能实现事实上处于霸权的现代科技的平等。

英文摘要:

From the per spective of development anthropo logy , poverty alleviation , inclusive development , equity and balance in development betw een the developing and developed countries, this ar ticle analy zed the concept and conno tation of traditional knowledg e, contribution in scientific know ledge development, historic process being marginalized , roles and functions in maintaining ecosystem and sustainable dev elo pment .In China , a lot of traditional know ledge has been compiled w ith the perspective o f conceptual framew ork of scientific knowledge .It is a dominant discourse to apply the normativ e framewo rk of intellectual property rig ht for co nservation of traditional knowledg e .Thus traditional know ledge has been marginalized in the development discourse .From the development anthropo logical perspective , to protect traditional knowledg e is for sustainable development , fo r diversity of development and livelihood models, and for the protection of cultural heritag e.However , facing with the complex ity , contradiction and conflicts of the real world , the above ideolo gical concept has fallen into confusion and confined to the debate on equity of dev elo pment and benefit sharing of traditional knowledg e pro tection and utilization .Author o f this paper maintains that only when appropriate normative framewo rk, conceptual theory and methodology for pro tection and utilization of traditional knowledge are established, can traditional knowledg e be in the negotiation position to share equal roles with the scientific knowledge in development .

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