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| 国际农业植物新品种知识产权保护格局探析及启示
———基于WTO-TRIPS/UPOV 模式的分析 |
| Analysis of International IPR Protection Patterns onPlant Variety and Its Revelation for China———Basis on the Pat tern of TRIPS and UPOV |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 植物新品种保护 TRIPS 协议 UPOV |
| 英文关键词: Plant variety protection TRIPs UPOV |
| 基金项目:本文研究得到教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目“WTO 背景下中国西部现代农业产业发展战略
体系研究”(2005 .1～ 2007.12)(NCET-04-0952)。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 植物新品种保护是农业知识产权保护的重点领域, 是WTO《与贸易相关的知识产权协议》
(简称T RIPS 协议)中农业知识产权领域内最重要的组成部分。随着农业科学技术以及生物技术的发
展, 农作物优良品种对促进农业生产发挥着越来越重要的作用, 农作物育种成为农业技术创新中最活跃
的因素, 植物新品种保护的竞争在国际农业竞争中已逐步取代农产品竞争, 成为国际经济竞争的新焦
点。文章全面分析了农业植物新品种保护的发展历程, 以及WTO《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》下农业
植物新品种保护复杂的发展格局:发达国家借TRIPS 协议极力推行主要强化商业育种者利益的TRIPS
协定下的UPOV 保护模式, 但个别发达国家也主张植物新品种保护的商业育种者利益的弱化, 而一些
发展中国家则正在积极寻求一个更适合于本国农业和社会经济环境的植物新品种保护模式, 典型的如
印度、非洲统一组织以及粮农组织的保护模式;并对该保护格局进行了相关博弈分析, 从而提出了我国
农业植物新品种保护制度发展的相关政策建议。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Plant variety protectio n is the most important par t of the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects o f Intellectual
Property Rights (TRIPs)in agriculture intellectual property rights.With the dev elo pment of ag ricultural and the biolo gical
technologies, crop breeding has become the most active facto r in ag ricultural technological innova tio ns.Presently , crop
breeding IPR protection has replaced ag riculture products as the focus of the internatio nal competition.Now , the situation
of crop breeding in the wo rld is complica ted.Developed nations commonly push the pattern to strengthen the interests of
commercial breeders throug h TRIPs.Yet developing countries are loo king for a pattern protecting not o nly their breeders
but also their farmers and local communities.This article analy ses the different solutions of the new varieties plants protectio
n between developed and the developing countries as well as and their tactics.Three related sug gestions are made fo r
china on plant variety protection systems. |
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